영문법 조동사::may,must,can,would, used to,should

조동사

1. May

  1. 허가 : May I use your phone?

  2. 추측 : It may not be true.

           He may have missed the train.

  3. 양보 : However tired you may be, you must do it now.

  4. 가능 : Study hard while you may.

  5. 기원문 : May you live long!

☆ May의 관용적 용법

◉ may well + Root ｢~ 하는 것도 당연하다｣                    

◉ may as well + Root ｢ ~ 하는 것이 더 낫다｣                 

◉ may as well A as B ｢A 하는 게 낫다/ B할 바에는 ｣ 

 1. You may well say so.

   = You have good reason to say so.

   = It is natural that you should say so.

 2. You may as well start right now.

   = You had better start right now.

   = It would be better for you to start right now.

3. You may as well read some books as look at the ceiling.

2. Must   

  1. 의무 : You must go there.

  2. 강한 추측

     She must be in her twenties.

     He must have failed again.

 * You must not park here. (금지)

   You don't have to school tomorrow (불필요)

3. Can

  1. 가능 : He can swim.

           = I am able to swim.

     She is [was/will be] able to read.

  2. 허락 : Can I come in ?

  3. 강한 의심 Can it be true ?

  4. 강한 부정의 추측  

    The report cannot be true.

     He cannot have taken my bag by mistake .

 ◉ cannot  ～  too [much] �� 아무리 ～ 해도 지나치지 않다��   

    You cannot praise him too much.                            

    = You cannot praise him enough.                            

    = You cannot overpraise him.                               

   

                

  ◉ cannot but Root ��～ 하지 않을 수 없다��                   

     = cannot help ～ing

    I cannot but laugh at the sight.                           

    = I cannot help laughing at the sight.                     

                                                              

4. Would

  1. 과거의 습관

     He would sit up late for study.

  2. 과거의 고집, 거절

     She would not listen to my word.

     = She refused to listen to my word.

  3. 현재의 희망  (= wish [want] to)

    He who would succeed must work hard.

5. Used to

  1. 과거의 습관

    He used to go to the museum on Sundays.

  2. 과거에 지속 되었던 상태

   There used to be a tall tree here.

  3. be used to + 명사. 동명사 ｢~에 익숙하다｣

   These men are used to painting big pictures.

    = These men are accustomed to painting [paint] big pictures.

   cf) These brushes are used to paint big pictures.

6. Should

 1. 당연, 의무

     One should[ought to] drive a car more carefully.

  2. 과거사실에 대한 후회, 유감, 비난 등

    You should have[ought to] studied harder.

  3. 명령, 결정, 제안 등의 동사 + that + S + (should) + Root

     order, decide, suggest, insist, demand, desire, intend

  *She insisted that he (should) stay in.

<주의> that절 이하가 행위의 당위성을 나타내지 않고 단순한 사실을 진술할 때

   시제일치를 이루는 직설법을 사용한다.

    He insisted that Tom (should) meet Jane.

    He insisted that Tom had met Jane.

[기출문제]

[99] Those victims of education should receive training to develop creative talents while in school. It really is a pity that they did not.

[97] Many witnesses insisted that the accident should take place on the crosswalk

[94] I regret having paid little attention to him. In other words, I should be paid more attention to him.

7 ‘조동사 현재+ have p.p.’ 과거사실, 추측, 유감, 비난, 후회 . .

 may have p.p. ~

  ~  했을지도 모른다 (과거사실, 약한 추측) 

 cannot have p.p. ~             

  ~  했을 리 없다(과거사실, 강한 부정추측) 

 must have p.p. ~                   

 ~  했었음에 틀림없다(과거사실, 강한 추측)

 should (ought to) have p.p.~      

  ~  했어야 했다(과거, 후회 유감 비난)     

  need not have p.p. ~              

  ~  할 필요가 없었는데 했다.(과거유감)    

<예문>

    She may have been busy.

    He cannot have done so on purpose.

    He must have been wrong.

    You should have been more careful.

    He need not have gone there.

 

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