영문법 조동사::may,must,can,would, used to,should
1. May
1. 허가 : May I use your phone?
2. 추측 : It may not be true.
He may have missed the train.
3. 양보 : However tired you may be, you must do it now.
4. 가능 : Study hard while you may.
5. 기원문 : May you live long!
☆ May의 관용적 용법
◉ may well + Root 「~ 하는 것도 당연하다」
◉ may as well + Root 「 ~ 하는 것이 더 낫다」
◉ may as well A as B 「A 하는 게 낫다/ B할 바에는 」
1. You may well say so.
= You have good reason to say so.
= It is natural that you should say so.
2. You may as well start right now.
= You had better start right now.
= It would be better for you to start right now.
3. You may as well read some books as look at the ceiling.
2. Must
1. 의무 : You must go there.
2. 강한 추측
She must be in her twenties.
He must have failed again.
* You must not park here. (금지)
You don't have to school tomorrow (불필요)
1. 가능 : He can swim.
= I am able to swim.
She is [was/will be] able to read.
2. 허락 : Can I come in ?
3. 강한 의심 Can it be true ?
4. 강한 부정의 추측
The report cannot be true.
He cannot have taken my bag by mistake .
◉ cannot ~ too [much] �� 아무리 ~ 해도 지나치지 않다��
You cannot praise him too much.
= You cannot praise him enough.
= You cannot overpraise him.
◉ cannot but Root ��~ 하지 않을 수 없다��
= cannot help ~ing
I cannot but laugh at the sight.
= I cannot help laughing at the sight.
4. Would
1. 과거의 습관
He would sit up late for study.
2. 과거의 고집, 거절
She would not listen to my word.
= She refused to listen to my word.
3. 현재의 희망 (= wish [want] to)
He who would succeed must work hard.
1. 과거의 습관
He used to go to the museum on Sundays.
2. 과거에 지속 되었던 상태
There used to be a tall tree here.
3. be used to + 명사. 동명사 「~에 익숙하다」
These men are used to painting big pictures.
= These men are accustomed to painting [paint] big pictures.
cf) These brushes are used to paint big pictures.
6. Should
1. 당연, 의무
One should[ought to] drive a car more carefully.
2. 과거사실에 대한 후회, 유감, 비난 등
You should have[ought to] studied harder.
3. 명령, 결정, 제안 등의 동사 + that + S + (should) + Root
order, decide, suggest, insist, demand, desire, intend
*She insisted that he (should) stay in.
<주의> that절 이하가 행위의 당위성을 나타내지 않고 단순한 사실을 진술할 때
시제일치를 이루는 직설법을 사용한다.
He insisted that Tom (should) meet Jane.
He insisted that Tom had met Jane.
[기출문제]
[99] Those victims of education should receive training to develop creative talents while in school. It really is a pity that they did not.
[97] Many witnesses insisted that the accident should take place on the crosswalk
[94] I regret having paid little attention to him. In other words, I should be paid more attention to him.
7 ‘조동사 현재+ have p.p.’ 과거사실, 추측, 유감, 비난, 후회 . .
may have p.p. ~
~ 했을지도 모른다 (과거사실, 약한 추측)
cannot have p.p. ~
~ 했을 리 없다(과거사실, 강한 부정추측)
must have p.p. ~
~ 했었음에 틀림없다(과거사실, 강한 추측)
should (ought to) have p.p.~
~ 했어야 했다(과거, 후회 유감 비난)
need not have p.p. ~
~ 할 필요가 없었는데 했다.(과거유감)
<예문>
She may have been busy.
He cannot have done so on purpose.
He must have been wrong.
You should have been more careful.
He need not have gone there.
.
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